If System Integrity Protection (SIP) is enabled, the signature of each kext is verified before being included in the AuxKC. The kernel management daemon ( kmd) is then responsible for validating only those kexts found in the UAKL for inclusion into the AuxKC. The authorization used for the above flow is also used to capture an SHA384 hash of the user-authorized kext list (UAKL) in the LocalPolicy. The combination of the 1TR and password requirement makes it difficult for software-only attackers starting from within macOS to inject kexts into macOS, which they can then exploit to gain kernel privileges.Īfter a user authorizes kexts to load, the above User-Approved Kernel Extension Loading flow is used to authorize the installation of kexts. This action also requires entering an administrator password to authorize the downgrade. Kexts must be explicitly enabled for a Mac with Apple silicon by holding the power button at startup to enter into One True Recovery (1TR) mode, then downgrading to Reduced Security and checking the box to enable kernel extensions. Kernel extensions in a Mac with Apple silicon

iPhone Text Message Forwarding security.How iMessage sends and receives messages.Adding transit and eMoney cards to Apple Wallet.Rendering cards unusable with Apple Pay.Adding credit or debit cards to Apple Pay.How Apple Pay keeps users’ purchases protected.Intro to app security for iOS and iPadOS.Protecting access to user’s health data.How Apple protects users’ personal data.Activating data connections securely in iOS and iPadOS.Protecting user data in the face of attack.Protecting keys in alternate boot modes.Encryption and Data Protection overview.UEFI firmware security in an Intel-based Mac.Additional macOS system security capabilities.recoveryOS and diagnostics environments.Contents of a LocalPolicy file for a Mac with Apple silicon.

LocalPolicy signing-key creation and management.

Boot process for iOS and iPadOS devices.

Secure intent and connections to the Secure Enclave.

Face ID, Touch ID, passcodes, and passwords.

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